Every story needs suspense to keep it moving forward. Even The Three Little Pigs has elements of suspense with the wolf threatening to huff & puff!
Here are the notes from my PNWA presentation September 26, 2020 on Zoom, about using suspense to drive that story. The notes were compiled by myself and Christine Fairchild, the Editor Devil for our 2 hour class.
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Kim and Christine Looking Suspenseful
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PLOT ELEMENTS
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Unfold the story/mystery. Whether
solving a crime or just setting things right—there must be
revelations/discoveries along the way, beginning to end
· Allow characters to follow a trail of clues that
need to be decoded (by the hero, villain, side kicks) to piece the puzzle
together
·
Shock the reader at key plot moments using twists
and turns (physical & psychological), interruptions, surprises( especially
after a calm), emergencies
·
Strike a balance between action/suspense and
narrative—can’t be suspenseful every moment. Take a break from action occasionally. Use comic relief, pauses between
suspense, or even give characters time to reflect and plan for their next move.
·
Throw in the dreaded monkey wrench to mess up
events/expectations (storm at a picnic, fired day of buying a house)
·
Include Red Herrings and Dead Ends/Bad Leads,
but know when to use/avoid them so you don’t overuse them. Or let a Red Herring
be the real deal in the end, like the missed/dismissed clue.
·
Put two (or more) events and/or characters on a
collision course. Marriage vs. funeral, promotion vs. demotion, baptism vs.
prison sentencing.
·
Create competing agendas (2 characters pursuing
the same promotion) or literally competition (2 guys competing for same woman).
·
Add complications right to the end, not just in
the plot or events, but in the characters.
·
Create consequences that are dire, threatening,
personal, must block truth from hero succeeding
CHARACTER DEVELOPMENT
& POV
·
Write your bad guys and good guys so they share
aspects of the other & let them switch roles in scenes occasionally so they
are unpredictable.
·
Add character traits that readers dread in your
hero/heroine, like manipulative characters or ones with bad/dangerous habits,
so they are edgy.
·
Show soft side of bad guys, like a serial killer
(make us like him). Reversely, show the killer side of hero/heroine so the reader
has an emotional push-pull.
·
Employ secrets, secret identities, lies, hidden
information that, if exposed, will hurt someone. Then expose them.
·
Inject misunderstandings between key characters
that are connected to the plot. Like people misunderstanding each other or
events (a detective not understanding a clue or intel), or a character not
reading hidden motivations for another character’s actions (sociopaths
disguising stalking for flirting. See Ted Bundy.)
·
Allow power plays between characters, especially
between protagonists and antagonists. Does the bad guy always get the best
breaks? Let that come back to haunt him in the end.
·
Let fears and phobias create unpredictable
characters/actions/decisions. The FBI agent terrified of heights climbs a tower
to save the woman he loves, but gets stuck halfway.
·
Reverse expectations when possible, but make
sure it’s believable and not ridiculous. That FBI agent can’t climb back down
because a fire started below and he’s more afraid of fire than heights.
·
Play with POV (which character viewpoint is
running the show) but don’t use too many character POV's or it dilutes reader
attachment and thus dulls reader response. Definitely NEVER switch POV
midstream in a scene.
·
Leave your main character (or even the reader)
in the dark, like when a train is heading toward the character who’s distracted
(see colliding events above).
DEVICES & PROPS
·
Make the keys, codes, tools or passwords
NOT work.
·
Allow weapons (for destruction or for defense) to
malfunction.
·
Let physical objects do the talking so they can
inform/misinform your main characters.
·
Deliver "loaded" devices that carry
meaning/symbolism, like the heroine’s Teddy Bear about to be torn apart, or the
rose from her boyfriend now covered in blood from the serial killer.
·
Don’t lose track of your devices! A gun in the
opening needs to be accounted for through the rest of the story till it’s used,
lost or destroyed. That creates anticipation.
WORD CHOICE
·
Choose active/energized verbs (run vs. sprint,
leave vs. flee) and clear, specific nouns (car vs. Maserati, gun vs. Walther
PPK).
·
Load your words (tool vs. crossbow) and phrasing
(removing her vs. dispatching her).
·
Avoid clichés, blah/everyday words/phrases and comedic
throwbacks.
·
Employ professional, generational, localized or
tribal language to keep characters sounding authentic.
·
Use unpredictable dialogue and subtext (speaking
in code) so readers can’t wait to hear what they say next.
PACING, TEMPO &
TONE
·
Start with a hook, end with a hook. In fact,
load your scene/chapter openings and endings with hooks.
·
Create reading momentum through paragraph
breaks, action ramping up and gearing down (note: time between action scenes
are shorter near end), and shift in settings/events (moving from one place to
another, especially if new place is more interesting).
·
Change-up of verbs, increased tension words, and
shorter sentences near high conflict to increase pacing
SETTING
·
Create suspenseful/moody environments on both
the physical and mental levels (like the cave in Star Wars symbolized Luke’s
inner fears/darkness while the Death Star was his the physically realized
fears/darkness).
·
Inject elements into the setting that come and
go and thus unreliable or unpredictable (see staircase in Harry Potter).
·
Let setting change over time so reader can’t
expect it to be the same/stable place, like seasons/aging.
·
Give setting a heartbeat so it moves/changes/acts
of its own accord.
·
Make setting a direct threat, an unknown hazard,
a promise land that falls short or an elusive oasis.
·
Let setting be unpredictable or reverse
expectations (biker bar full of nuns), dangerous (mob casino/den with cops
helping them), promising (church, school run by serial killer), disappointing
(family home falling into disrepair).
FORMATTING &
COVERS
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Formatting and white space on the page can set a
tone, allowing the reader to turn pages faster, which gives the reader the
illusion of a quicker pace. Use of punctuation to slow or quicken the pace, use
of shorter sentences and avoiding anything to slow the action.
·
The Loaded Title: Choosing a title is essential
in your promise to a potential reader. Keywords create
urgency, danger, panic. Use your title to ask a
question, promise a crime, add mystery, hint at conflict, secrets, revenge,
vengeance.
·
The Suspense Book Cover: Suspense genre has a
certain look. Note similarities, Font, Spacing and set up. The look of your cover delivers a promise to the reader-- dark/light, photos, font and how and where to place the title and your name.
Suspense drives the story forward. Use it!
Kim Hornsby
www.bit.ly/KimHornsby
